BSE ODISHA CLASS 10 ENGLISH GRAMMAR SOLUTION

BSE ODISHA ODIA MEDIUM CLASS 10 ENGLISH GRAMMAR SOLUTION

Class X=Subjecrt:-Tense Revisited

ACTIVITY-1

Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs given in brackets: [You can use She or her, if required.]

He ______(get) up early everyday. He ______(brush) his teeth and ______(have) his bath. He ______(take) a quick breakfast. He ______(not want) to be punished a at school. So, he ______(set out) early to reach school in time. He ______(sit) on the same bench in my classroom. He ______(have) straight hair and a sharp nose. What is his name?

ANSWER:- get-gets, brush- brushes, have- has, take-takes, not want-does not want, set out-sets out, sit-sits and have-has

ACTIVITY-2

Write the daily activity of an animal, for example, a cow/dog/cat/tiger/horse or any other animal/ird. Don’t mention the name of the animal. For example, I’m a domestic animal. I have four legs and a long tail, etc. Let your friends guess what animal you have thought of.

Example-

 Cow

I’m a domestic animal.

I have four legs and a long tail.

I have two horns.

I live on grass, straw, husk and rice gruel.

I am a useful animal, etc.

What am I?

I am a domestic animal.

I have four legs and a tail.

I guard your house.

I am a faithful friend of humans.

I love to eat bones and meat.

I bark loudly at strangers.

What am I?

 Ans:- Dog

I am a small domestic animal.

I have soft fur and bright eyes.

I like to drink milk.

I can see well in the dark.

I catch rats and mice.

I make a “meow” sound.

What am I?

 Ans:-Cat

I am a wild animal.

I have yellow fur with black stripes.

I am very strong and fast.

I live in the forest.

I eat the flesh of other animals.

I am called the national animal of India.

What am I?

 Ans:-Tiger

I am a domestic animal.

I have long legs and a flowing mane.

I can run very fast.

People ride on my back.

I help in carrying loads and pulling carts.

I eat grass and hay.

What am I?

Ans:-Horse

ACTIVITY-3

Work in pairs, A and B. Your partner will tell you some sentences that are wrong. Correct your partner. Then speak your sentences and let your partner correct you. In this way complete all the sentences and at the end, write down the corrected answers.

Example: A: Mr. Rao likes to eat fish.

B: NO, he doesn’t eat fish. He’s a vegetarian

Wrong sentences for A:

Water freezes at 4 degree

Ans: No, it doesn’t freeze at 4 degree.

         It freezes at 0 degree.

Cuttack is the capital of Odisha

Ans: No, it is not the capital of Odisha.

         Bhubaneswar is the capital of Odisha.

Or

Ans: No, it is not the capital of Odisha now.

         It was the capital of Odisha in the past.

         Bhubaneswar is the capital of Odisha.

The Sun goes round the earth.

Ans: No, it doesn’t go round the earth.

         The Earth goes round the Sun.

Viswanathan Anand plays football.

Ans: No, he does not play football.

He plays chess.

Wrong sentences for B:

Water floats on oil.

Ans: No, it doesn’t float on oil.

         Oil floats on it.

A rose is a kind of fruit.

Ans: No, it isn’t a kind of fruit.

         It is a kind of flower.

Sachin Tendulkar plays hockey.

Ans: No, he doesn’t play hockey.

         He plays cricket.

Vande Mataram is our National Anthem.

Ans: No, it isn’t our National Anthem.

         It is our National Song.

         It is also our National Slogan.

New York is the capital of the USA.

Ans: No, it isn’t the capital of the USA.

         Washington is the capital of the USA.

ACTIVITY-4

Work in pairs. Match the following sentences (1-6) with the use of the present simple and present progressive(a-f).

1.  1. I live in Sambalpur.

2. 2.  She is staying with her aunt at the moment.

3. 3. Toffees are very sweet.

4. 4.  His English is getting better all the time.

5. 5.    I usually go to school on foot.

6. 6. Look. Two swans are carrying a tortoise.

Present Simple

a.     a. General or scientific truths

b.   b. Permanent state or permanent fact

c.   c.   Habitual action

Present Progressive

d.     d. Something happening now

e.   e. Something happening over a period of time

f.   f. Temporary action

Ans:-1. I live in Sambalpur. (Present Simple) - (b) Permanent state or permanent fact

2. She is staying with her aunt at the moment. (Present Progressive) -(f)Temporary Action

3. Toffees are very sweet.(Present Simple) - (a) General or scientific truths

4. His English is getting better all the time. (Present Progressive) - (e) Something happening over a period of time

5. I usually go to school on foot.(Present Simple) – (c) Habitual action

6. Look. Two swans are carrying a tortoise. (Present Progressive) – (d) Something happening now

Activity - 6

Use either the present simple or the present progressive to complete the dialogue.

Seema : Hello Lopa, what (you / do) these days?

Lopa : Nothing much. I (learn) how to dance in a dancing school. What about you?

Seema : Me? I (work) at a training school. The school (offer) lessons on cooking.

Lopa : (you / like) the job?

Seema : Yes, of course. I (prefer) this job because I (also learn) a lot how to cook while working here. Lopa : What (they / teach) now?

 Seema : Right now they (give) lessons on Chinese food. You know, Chinese dishes (taste) so good!

Lopa : Can I join the classes someday?

Seema : Sure. They (want) more and more students to join their school. You are welcome.

Lopa Thank you.

Ans: -

Completed Dialogue

Seema: Hello Lopa, what are you doing these days?

Lopa: Nothing much. I am learning how to dance in a dancing school. What about you?

Seema: Me? I am working at a training school. The school offers lessons on cooking.

Lopa: Do you like the job?

Seema: Yes, of course. I prefer this job because I also learn a lot about how to cook while working here.

Lopa: What are they teaching now?

Seema: Right now they are giving lessons on Chinese food. You know, Chinese dishes taste so good!

Lopa: Can I join the classes someday?

Seema: Sure. They want more and more students to join their school. You are welcome.

Lopa: Thank you.

Rules to Remember

• Present Simple Tense: Used for habits, facts, preferences, and general truths.
• Examples: offers, prefer, taste, want
• Present Progressive Tense: Used for actions happening now or temporary activities.

Examples: are you doing, am learning, am working, are they teaching, are giving

Ways of expressing the past time

Activity - 1

Complete the following conversation, using either the past simple or the present perfect form of the verb given in brackets.

Ashok : What are these people doing here? What (happen)?

Bini : There (be) an accident.

Ashok : An accident? What (happen) exactly?

Bini : A cat (run) across the road in front of a car. The driver (try) to apply the brake and (hit) the tree on the side of the road.

Ashok : When (it happen)?

Bini : About ten minutes ago.

Ashok : (anyone call) for an ambulance?

Bini : No, not yet. But the police (arrive). They will take care of that.

Ashok : This is the second accident we (have) here this week.

Bini : We should have a road hump here.

Ans:-

Activity – 1: Completed Conversation with Explanation

Ashok: What are these people doing here? What has happened?

Bini: There has been an accident.

Ashok: An accident? What happened exactly?

Bini: A cat ran across the road in front of a car. The driver tried to apply the brake and hit the tree on the side of the road.

Ashok: When did it happen?

Bini: About ten minutes ago.

Ashok: Has anyone called for an ambulance?

Bini: No, not yet. But the police have arrived. They will take care of that.

Ashok: This is the second accident we have had here this week.

Bini: We should have a road hump here.

Explanation of the Answers

Important Rules

1. Past Simple Tense

Use the past simple for completed actions at a definite time in the past.

·         Example: The accident happened ten minutes ago.

·         Example: The cat ran across the road.

Structure: Subject + past form of the verb.

2. Present Perfect Tense

Use the present perfect for past actions connected with the present, recent events, or experiences within an unfinished time period.

·         Example: The police have arrived.

·         Example: Has anyone called for an ambulance?

Structure: Subject + has/have + past participle.

Remember: We use did + subject + base form in past simple questions: “When did it happen?” We do not say “When did it happened?”

Activity - 2

Make sentences using the present perfect progressive tense form of the verbs.

Mrs Das is very tired. (work hard)

Mr Das looks pale. (not feel well / all day)

Their son Ashok has got a headache. (watch TV / all evening)

Their daughter Bini has got no money left. (buy clothes)

They are sitting idle and can’t do anything. ( rain / since the evening)

ANSWER:-

Present Perfect Progressive Tense – Sentences with Explanations

Structure: Subject + has/have + been + verb-ing + object/time expression.

We use the present perfect progressive tense to describe an action that started in the past and is still continuing or has recently stopped, with its effects visible in the present.

1. Mrs Das is very tired. (work hard)

Sentence: Mrs Das has been working hard.

Explanation: The verb work becomes has been working because Mrs Das is a singular subject. The sentence indicates that she has been working hard for some time, which explains why she is tired.

2. Mr Das looks pale. (not feel well / all day)

Sentence: Mr Das has not been feeling well all day.

Explanation: The negative form is has not been + verb-ing. We use has because Mr Das is singular. The expression all day indicates the duration of his condition.

3. Their son Ashok has got a headache. (watch TV / all evening)

Sentence: Their son Ashok has been watching TV all evening.

Explanation: The verb watch becomes has been watching because Ashok is singular. The phrase all evening tells us how long he has been watching TV, which may explain his headache.

4. Their daughter Bini has got no money left. (buy clothes)

Sentence: Their daughter Bini has been buying clothes.

Explanation: The verb buy becomes has been buying. We use has been because Bini is singular. The sentence suggests that she has spent money buying clothes over a period of time.

5. They are sitting idle and can’t do anything. (rain / since the evening)

Sentence: It has been raining since the evening.

Explanation: The verb rain becomes has been raining. We use has with the subject it. The word since indicates the starting point of the action, and the evening tells us when the rain began.

Quick revision

Remember:

• Affirmative: Subject + has/have + been + verb-ing.
• Negative: Subject + has/have + not + been + verb-ing.
• Since indicates a starting point (since Monday, since morning).
• For indicates a period of time (for two hours, for three days).

Activity - 3

One sentence in each of the following pairs is wrong. Strike it off.

1 I can go home now. I have finished my class work. I have been finishing my class work.

2 You look tired. Have you worked in the garden? Have you been working in the garden?

3 Tell the truth. Have you broken the window? Have you been breaking the window?

4 Your eyes are red. You have cried. You have been crying.

5 Now you can live in that room. We have repaired the roof. We have been repairing the roof.

ANSWER:-

Strike off the wrong sentence with explanations

1. I can go home now.

·         ✅ I have finished my class work.

·         ❌ I have been finishing my class work.

Explanation: The present perfect tense (have finished) emphasizes the completed action and its result. The speaker can go home because the classwork is complete. The present perfect progressive is not appropriate here because the focus is on completion.

2. You look tired.

·         ❌ Have you worked in the garden?

·         ✅ Have you been working in the garden?

Explanation: The present perfect progressive (have been working) emphasizes an ongoing or recent activity that explains why the person looks tired.

3. Tell the truth.

·         ✅ Have you broken the window?

·         ❌ Have you been breaking the window?

Explanation: The present perfect tense (have broken) refers to a completed action and its present result—the broken window. The progressive form is unsuitable because breaking the window is viewed as a single completed action.

4. Your eyes are red.

·         ❌ You have cried.

·         ✅ You have been crying.

Explanation: The present perfect progressive (have been crying) emphasizes a recent activity whose effect is visible now: the person's red eyes.

5. Now you can live in that room.

·         ✅ We have repaired the roof.

·         ❌ We have been repairing the roof.

Explanation: The present perfect tense (have repaired) emphasizes that the repair is complete and the room is now ready to live in. The progressive form emphasizes the activity rather than its completion.

Quick rule to remember

- Present perfect tense (has/have + past participle): Emphasizes a completed action or its result.

·         Example: I have finished my homework.

- Present perfect progressive tense (has/have + been + verb-ing): Emphasizes an ongoing or recent activity, often explaining a present situation.

·         Example: I have been studying for three hours.

Note: In sentences 2 and 4, the simple present perfect forms are also grammatically possible in other contexts. The progressive forms are the better choices here because they explain the visible effects (tired and red eyes).

Activity – 4

 Fill in the blanks with the past simple or present perfect forms of the verbs given in brackets.

Rahul : ————— (you / see) Jagu last night?

Bakul : No, but I ————— (just come) from his house. He’s in bed. He ————(be) very ill for the last three days, actually.

Rahul : I’m sorry to hear that. So that’s why he ————— (not come) to the party last night.

Bakul : The doctor ————— (see) him twice by now. He’s coming again tomorrow. Oh, by the way, Jagu ————— (send) your book.

ANSWER:-

Fill in the blanks with the Past Simple or Present Perfect Tense

Completed conversation

Rahul: Did you see Jagu last night?

Bakul: No, but I have just come from his house. He’s in bed. He has been very ill for the last three days, actually.

Rahul: I’m sorry to hear that. So that’s why he did not come to the party last night.

Bakul: The doctor has seen him twice by now. He’s coming again tomorrow. Oh, by the way, Jagu has sent your book.

Explanations

1. Did you see Jagu last night?

• Answer: Did you see
• Tense: Past Simple
• Explanation: Last night refers to a definite time in the past. We use did + subject + base form of the verb to ask questions in the past simple tense.

2. I have just come from his house.

• Answer: have just come
• Tense: Present Perfect
• Explanation: We use have + past participle to describe a recent action. Just means that the action happened a very short time ago. The past participle of come is come.

3. He has been very ill for the last three days, actually.

• Answer: has been
• Tense: Present Perfect
• Explanation: The expression for the last three days describes a condition that began in the past and continues into the present. The verb be takes the form has been with the singular subject he.

4. That’s why he did not come to the party last night.

• Answer: did not come
• Tense: Past Simple
• Explanation: Last night refers to a completed time in the past. In negative sentences, we use did not + base form of the verb. Therefore, we say did not come, not did not came.

5. The doctor has seen him twice by now.

• Answer: has seen
• Tense: Present Perfect
• Explanation: By now indicates that the action has occurred before the present moment. We use has + past participle. The past participle of see is seen.

6. Jagu has sent your book.

• Answer: has sent
• Tense: Present Perfect
• Explanation: The sentence refers to a completed action with a present connection: the book has been sent. We use has + past participle because Jagu is a singular subject. The past participle of send is sent.

Quick revision

Remember: Use the Past Simple for actions completed at a definite past time, and the Present Perfect for past actions connected to the present.

Activity - 5

Combine the given sentences into single ones using the past perfect or the past simple forms of the verbs.

 The alarm clock rang. I woke up = As soon as ——————————————————

I cleaned my teeth. I took bath. = After I —————————————————————

I got dressed. I had breakfast. = When ——————————————————————

I brushed my teeth again. I looked at my watch. = When ———————————

I looked at my watch. I realized I was late. = When ——————————————

I arrived at the school. I remembered it was Sunday. = When ————————

ANSWER:-

Combine the sentences using the Past Perfect or Past Simple

1. The alarm clock rang. I woke up.

Answer: As soon as the alarm clock rang, I woke up.

Explanation: Both actions happened one after the other. We use the past simple (rang, woke up) because the actions occurred in sequence.

2. I cleaned my teeth. I took a bath.

Answer: After I had cleaned my teeth, I took a bath.

Explanation: The first action (had cleaned) is in the past perfect, and the second action (took) is in the past simple. The past perfect shows that cleaning the teeth happened before taking a bath.

3. I got dressed. I had breakfast.

Answer: When I had got dressed, I had breakfast.

Explanation: The past perfect (had got dressed) indicates that getting dressed was completed before having breakfast (had breakfast, past simple).

4. I brushed my teeth again. I looked at my watch.

Answer: When I had brushed my teeth again, I looked at my watch.

Explanation: Brushing my teeth happened first, so we use the past perfect (had brushed). Looking at my watch happened afterwards, so we use the past simple (looked).

5. I looked at my watch. I realized I was late.

Answer: When I looked at my watch, I realized I was late.

Explanation: We use the past simple (looked, realized) because these actions happened one after the other in the past.

6. I arrived at the school. I remembered it was Sunday.

Answer: When I arrived at the school, I remembered it was Sunday.

Explanation: We use the past simple (arrived, remembered) because arriving at school and remembering it was Sunday are actions in the past.

Remember the rules

• Past Simple: Used for completed actions in the past.
• Example: I woke up. I took a bath.
• Past Perfect: Used for an action that happened before another past action.
• Structure: had + past participle
• Example: After I had finished my homework, I went to bed.

Note: In sentences 3 and 4, using the past perfect emphasizes that the first action was completed before the second. The past simple can also be used with when and after when the order of events is clear.